Lesson 2: Animal Substances

All things that grow, or animals of any kind, are called animal substances.

The hair of sheep, goats and camels, is twisted into thread, and the thread then woven into cloth, out of which clothing is made for cold weather.

Combs are made of the horns of cattle, the tusks of elephants, or the shell of tortoise. The tusks of elephants are large teeth that grow outside of their mouths. When cut into combs or other articles, they are called ivory. Ivory is very white, and very hard. It is also very brittle, and will break very easily when it is bent or receives a hard blow.

Shoes and boots are made of leather, and leather is the skin of animals which has been prepared by tanning.

Brushes are made of the bristles that grow on the back of a hog. Fur of all kinds, is the skin of animals with the hair remaining on it.

Meat is the flesh of animals. The flesh of cows and oxen is called beef. The flesh of hogs is called pork. The flesh of deer is called venison. The flesh of sheep is called mutton. Hens, and chickens, and geese, and turkies, and ducks, are called poultry.

Wild animals that are used for food are called game.--Woodcocks, partridges, quails, snipes, pheasants, and plover, are game.

Now, if you are asked what are animal substances, you must recollect that it means anything that ever formed a part of an animal.